Pericytes may facilitate SARS-CoV-2 entry into the nervous system

Objective: Although the neurological and olfactory symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 have been identified, the neurotropic properties of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remain unknown. We sought to identify the susceptible cell types and potential routes of SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system, olfactory system, and respiratory system. Method(s): We collected single-cell RNA data from normal brain and nasal epithelium specimens, along with bronchial, tracheal, and lung specimens in public datasets. The susceptible cell types that express SARS-CoV-2 entry genes were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing and the expression of the key genes at protein levels was verified by immunohistochemistry. We compared the coexpression patterns of the entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the spike protein priming enzyme transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS)/cathepsin L among the specimens. Result(s): The SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and the spike protein priming enzyme TMPRSS/cathepsin L were coexpressed by pericytes in brain tissue;this coexpression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In the nasal epithelium, ciliated cells and sustentacular cells exhibited strong coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS. Neurons and glia in the brain and nasal epithelium did not exhibit coexpression of ACE2 and TMPRSS. However, coexpression was present in ciliated cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts in tracheal tissue;ciliated cells and goblet cells in bronchial tissue;and alveolar epithelium type 1 cells, AT2 cells, and ciliated cells in lung tissue. Conclusion(s): Neurological symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 could be associated with SARS-CoV-2 invasion across the blood-brain barrier via pericytes. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2-induced olfactory disorders could be the result of localized cell damage in the nasal epithelium.Copyright © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES

The global food systems face significant interrelated and complex challenges, including climate change, extreme weather events, natural resource depletion, biodiversity loss, emerging plant and animal diseases, conflict and trade shocks. The number of global populations that lacked access to adequate food sharply increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is estimated that in 2021, about 702 million to 828 million people around the world suffer from hunger, with an increase of 150 million people alone due to the outbreak of the global COVID-19 pandemic[1]. Reduced incomes, food price inflations and continued supply chain disruptions will lead to even more severe and widespread increases in global food insecurity if urgent action is not taken, affecting vulnerable households in almost every country. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Higher Education Press.

Epidemiological Investigation and Analysis of Bovine Coronavirus in Beef Cattle in Jilin Province.

In order to comprehensively understand the epidemiological situation of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) in beef cattle herds in Jilin Province, blood, nasal swabs, fecal swabs and tissue organs of clinically diseased and dead cattle were collected in different seasons from 12 counties and cities in the east, central and western regions of Jilin Province, using serological and molecular diagnostic testing techniques to conduct an epidemiological investigation of BCoV in the The epidemiological situation of BCoV in some areas of Jilin Province. A total of 1 298 clinical serum samples, 462 clinical samples (including fecal samples, liver, lung, spleen, trachea and other tissue samples) were collected, and PCR detection of clinical samples was performed by applying commercial BCoV antibody detection kits to detect serum antibodies and a novel detection technique of nano-PCR, and sequencing and analysis of positive results detected by nucleic acid. The results showed that the serum positive rate of BCoV antibodies was 1.08%, and the positive rate of clinical samples such as feces and liver was 21.10%. The BCoV prevalent strain in the investigated area was more than 99% homologous to the prevalent strain in Sichuan, China, after sequencing analysis. This study provides a comprehensive survey of BCoV prevalence in central Jilin Province, which enriches the epidemiological survey data of bovine coronavirus and lays the foundation for guiding the prevention and control of bovine coronavirus.Copyright © 2023 Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica. All rights reserved.

Impulse Buying in Live Stream Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response Framework

Live stream commerce is the most effective method for online marketing and sales. The Malaysian government implementation of movement control order (MCO) and social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic had a significant impact on consumer purchasing behaviour and ways of conducting business. Hence, this research aims to examine the factors which influence Malaysian consumers' impulse buying in live stream commerce. The Stimulus Organism Response Framework (SOR) is used to assess stimuli (live streamer attractiveness, expertise, scarcity, and promotion) that impact reactions (perceived enjoyment, urge to buy, and arousal) and subsequently influence response behaviour (live stream impulse buying). The total of 385 questionnaires were disseminated during the implementation of MCO 2.0 in 2021. The findings demonstrated that all hypotheses were significant. Perceived enjoyment, arousal, and urge to buy are associated with impulse buying in live stream. This study provides a deeper insight and identifies the key variables that influence live stream impulse buying in Malaysia. The findings would help businesses and marketers to formulate effective marketing strategies and to fill research gaps relating to live stream commerce. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL EXERCISE LEVELS AND ANXIETY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Background: Subjective anxiety is one of hot spots in the field of positive psychology. It can not only evaluate a person's quality of life, but also measure a person's mental health and psychological development level. Therefore, it has important theoretical significance to study the relationship between physical exercise and subjective anxiety. Subjects and methods: In order to examine the relationship between physical exercise and the subjective anxiety among college students, a questionnaire survey method was completed by 1,000 college students in Zhengzhou University. After psychological construction and empirical exploration, the psychological construction model of the subjective anxiety of college students is proposed, and the method of structural equation modeling is used to verify the model. Results: There is a significant correlation between the duration of exercise and the subjective anxiety among college students. Duration of exercise and body satisfaction have the highest correlation with a correlation coefficient of 0.331, which has a significant negative correlation with negative emotions. Exercise intensity is significantly correlated with positive emotions and physical satisfaction. There is a significant positive correlation between exercise intensity and duration of exercise and the various levels of physical self-esteem, but the correlation with the coping style is not significant. The duration of exercise is significantly negatively correlated with conversational disturbances and social barrier. The exercise intensity is significantly negatively correlated with social barrier. The duration of exercise is significantly negatively correlated with neuroticism, and the amount of exercise is significantly positive with introverted personality. Related. The various levels of subjective anxiety among college students are significantly related to physical self-esteem, positive coping, interpersonal relationships and personality characteristics. Conclusions: The subjective anxiety among college students who participate in physical exercise is stronger than that of college students who do not exercise. This difference is manifested in the emotional component and special life satisfaction between the two. Short-term physical exercise has no effect on the subjective anxiety of college students. Light and moderate exercise intensity have a deeper impact on the subjective anxiety among college students with the increase of exercise duration. Physical exercise can not only directly affect subjective anxiety among college students, and but also affect college students' subjective anxiety through intermediary variables such as physical self-esteem, interpersonal relationships, and personality characteristics.

Relationship between COVID-19 and the male reproductive system.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to provide currently available information on the potential effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on male fertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a mini-review. Due to the similarity between the COVID-19 and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, we searched for the following keywords: "SARS-CoV, male reproductive system, infertility, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and orchitis". By reviewing and analyzing the literature, we analyzed the influence of temperature on sperm, the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the testes, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the male reproductive system. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 enters the body through the ACE2 receptor. The high expression of ACE2 on the surface of spermatogonia and supporting cells in the testes, as well as the immune response caused by COVID-19, can lead to testicular spermatogenesis dysfunction and reduced sperm count. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 infection can affect male reproductive function, and standard treatment strategies should be established in time to help male patients infected with COVID-19.